Its per car. So take the ALO/VAN chassis at Bahrain, the way the rules work, VAN would be on:
ICE: 2
MGU-H: 2
MGU-K: 2
TC: 2
CE: 2
ES: 2
Gearbox: 2
All were checked after FP3/Quali on car 47. [
http://www.fia.com/file/39904/download?token=euWu-XzH] [
http://www.fia.com/file/39836/download?token=jGx8eTpt]
The car was built up as car 14, but then switched to 47 as seen in these documents: [
http://www.fia.com/file/39761/download?token=GnblfnU3] [
http://www.fia.com/file/39788/download?token=o-T4AsTU]
It seems that car 47 was also picked out for the same treatment after the race as well. [
http://www.fia.com/file/39961/download?token=jbOaqbks]
Its all down to a linear linage rule where its down to the 'entrant' black T cam and yellow T cam car. Years ago when the 8 engines per driver came out, the first time it was properly tested was in 2010 when Heidfeld was drafted in for De La Rosa at Singapore with De la Rosa only having one fresh unit with 5 or 6 GP on the calendar. There was a rumour then that the teams were receptive to a new unit being put into the pool for an entrant that car got a new driver. They soon realised that there could be a competitive advantage when it was pointed out the teams could just switch drivers sides of the garage mid season . There was to be a rule for 2011 for this with a sub rule where it needed to be a driver that had not competed for that team that year, but was voted down as they engine guys warned of escalated cost.
Personally, i think its a flawed rule in a court of law, but in a sporting way it works. It needs the new engine in the pool rule, as it would bring Alonso back into contention as he would be able to come back into his car and have a full 5 components back again.