If you want a dyno toy, as the OP later specified above, then I would say look to gas turbines, tractor pull & drag racing for precedents. Ultimately you'd be constrained by the dynamometer's specifications.
For an F1 car moving around a track, needing to complete a race distance more quickly than competitors charged with the same task, then we have to consider some other factors such as vehicle weight, power & efficiency.
There are myriad factors affecting how the car will get around a track more quickly than its competitors, but this thread is about conjecture & thought exercise so let's continue. Assume that weight of wheels, chassis & bodywork will have some fixed minimum value, which leaves us with the weight of the powertrain and fuel system to play around with. The power to weight ratio of the powertrain & fuel system becomes the differentiating feature between the competitors.
Within that, you have weight of fuel vs the weight of the powertrain. There will be limits to how much fuel you can carry, both in terms of volume & weight. So does one design a huge fuel tank into the car to be used with a small, light, less efficient engine? Or do you sacrifice fuel capacity in exchange for a heavier, more efficient engine? The golden egg of course is a small, light *and* efficient engine that can survive such a huge amount of energy flowing through it. Power to weight improves as the fuel tank empties, so perhaps powertrain lightness would always be the priority.